Orthopedic Surgery for Spina Bifida

When working with orthopedic surgery for spina bifida, a specialized field that corrects spinal and musculoskeletal issues caused by spina bifida, clinicians draw on knowledge of spina bifida, a neural‑tube defect that often leads to curvature of the spine, lower‑body weakness, and bladder dysfunction and the principles of orthopedic surgery, the medical discipline focused on bones, joints, and related structures. This intersection creates a unique set of challenges: surgeons must address deformities while preserving neurological function, patients need lifelong monitoring, and families rely on coordinated care. Orthopedic surgery spina bifida therefore encompasses spinal reconstruction, requires multidisciplinary collaboration, and influences long‑term mobility and independence. In practice, the procedure is a bridge between neurosurgery’s focus on the spinal cord and orthopedics’ expertise in bone alignment.

Key Considerations and Common Techniques

Spinal reconstruction for spina bifida typically begins with a thorough assessment of the curve pattern, vertebral stability, and any associated foot or hip abnormalities. Techniques range from traditional posterior spinal fusion, which locks the spine in place using rods and bone graft, to growth‑friendly implants such as growing rods and magnetically controlled devices. Growing rods allow the spine to lengthen as the child grows, reducing the need for repeated surgeries. Magnetically controlled growing rods, introduced in the early 2010s, enable non‑invasive adjustments using external magnets, cutting down hospital stays and anesthesia exposure.

Beyond hardware, surgeons must consider soft‑tissue management. Muscle releases, tendon transfers, and foot orthotics are often combined with spinal work to improve gait and balance. Rehabilitation starts immediately after surgery: physical therapists guide patients through safe mobilization, while occupational therapists focus on daily‑living skills impacted by lower‑extremity weakness. Nutrition, bone health, and vitamin D status are monitored closely because they affect healing and fusion success. When complications arise—hardware failure, infection, or progression of the curve—early detection through regular imaging and clinical checks is vital.

Multidisciplinary care is the backbone of successful outcomes. A typical team includes a pediatric neurosurgeon, an orthopedic spine surgeon, a urologist (for neurogenic bladder management), a physiotherapist, a social worker, and often a genetic counselor to discuss recurrence risk. Families benefit from a coordinated care plan that outlines surgery timing, postoperative milestones, and long‑term follow‑up. This holistic approach not only addresses the mechanical aspect of the spine but also the broader functional challenges that come with spina bifida.

Below you’ll find a curated list of articles that dive deeper into each of these areas—whether you’re curious about the latest implant technology, want to understand the role of rehabilitation, or need practical tips for navigating multidisciplinary appointments. Explore the resources to get a clearer picture of what orthopedic surgery for spina bifida looks like from diagnosis through lifelong management.