Lithium carbonate: Uses, dosing, side effects, and safety
Ever wonder why lithium carbonate remains a go-to mood stabilizer after decades? It's simple: for many people with bipolar disorder it reduces manic episodes and lowers suicide risk. Doctors often choose lithium when mood swings are severe or when other options fail.
What is lithium carbonate and how it works. Lithium is a salt that changes brain signaling and balances neurotransmitters. We still don't fully know the exact mechanism, but clinical evidence shows steady blood levels help prevent extreme mood shifts.
Typical dosing and monitoring. Adults usually start low, often 300 mg two or three times a day, then doctors adjust. The key is blood tests: lithium levels, kidney function, and thyroid tests are taken regularly. Target blood levels vary by situation but commonly sit between 0.6 and 1.2 mmol/L for maintenance.
Side effects to watch for
Common side effects include increased thirst, more urination, mild tremor, weight gain, and stomach upset. These often settle after a few weeks. Warning signs that need urgent care are severe nausea, confusion, slurred speech, unsteady walking, or very high fever — these may signal lithium toxicity.
Long-term risks. Over years lithium can affect kidney function and thyroid health. Regular blood work helps catch problems early. If kidney or thyroid tests change, your doctor may lower the dose or switch medicines.
Practical tips for safe use
Take lithium at the same times every day and keep salt intake steady. Sudden drops in salt or dehydration (from vomiting, diarrhea, or heavy sweating) can raise lithium levels quickly. If you start a new medicine — especially diuretics, NSAIDs like ibuprofen, ACE inhibitors, or some antibiotics — tell your prescriber; many drugs interact with lithium.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding. Lithium can carry risks in pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, but untreated bipolar disorder also brings danger. Decisions are personal and need close planning with your psychiatrist and obstetrician. Breastfeeding while on lithium requires careful monitoring.
What to expect when starting. Don't expect overnight changes. Mood stabilization can take weeks. Keep a mood diary, note side effects, and keep scheduled blood tests. If you miss a dose, don't double up; follow your doctor's guidance.
Buying and storage. Store lithium at room temperature away from moisture. Only buy from reputable pharmacies — if ordering online, choose licensed pharmacies and require a prescription. Cheap or unverified sources risk counterfeit or incorrect dosing.
When to call your doctor. Call if you have severe vomiting or diarrhea, new confusion, sudden coordination issues, or signs of thyroid problems like unexplained tiredness or cold intolerance. Also check in if you plan to change salt intake or start any new drugs.
Bottom line: Lithium carbonate can be highly effective when used carefully. With regular monitoring and open communication with your healthcare team, many people manage bipolar symptoms and live stable lives.
Long-term trials and clinical data show lithium can lower suicide risk more than many alternatives, which is why regular follow-up matters. If you want more details, ask your psychiatrist for patient leaflets or trusted sources they recommend.
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