Emergency contraception: what it is and how to use it
Worried about a missed condom or a slipped pill? Emergency contraception works after unprotected sex to reduce the chance of pregnancy. You can use it after a condom break, missed birth control, or assault. The sooner you act, the better — most options work best within 72 hours but some work longer.
There are three main options: levonorgestrel pills (Plan B and generics), ulipristal acetate (ella), and the copper IUD. Levonorgestrel pills are available over the counter, are easy to get, and work best within 72 hours. Ella is a prescription pill that works up to 120 hours and is more effective than levonorgestrel for some people. The copper IUD is the most effective option and can prevent pregnancy if inserted up to five days after sex; it also provides ongoing contraception.
How they work and what to expect: Pills delay ovulation so fertilization is less likely; they won't end an existing pregnancy. Side effects are usually mild: nausea, fatigue, light bleeding, or spotty periods. The copper IUD can cause heavier cramps and longer periods at first. If you vomit within two hours of taking a pill, call a clinic — you may need another dose.
Who should be careful: Certain medications reduce pill effectiveness, like some anti-seizure drugs, rifampin, and St. John's wort. Ella interacts with hormonal birth control, so wait five days before starting regular hormonal methods and use condoms until the next cycle. If you have known liver disease or take interacting meds, check with a clinician.
Where to get emergency contraception: Many pharmacies sell levonorgestrel without a prescription. Walgreens, CVS, and local drugstores usually stock it. Ella requires a prescription — call your doctor, use urgent care, or try telehealth services. Planned Parenthood and community clinics can provide the copper IUD and same-day insertion in many places. If cost is a concern, some clinics offer sliding-scale fees.
After you take emergency contraception, track your period. If your period is more than a week late, take a pregnancy test. If you have severe abdominal pain, heavy bleeding, or signs of infection after IUD insertion, see a provider right away. Emergency contraception doesn’t protect against STIs; consider testing if exposure was possible.
Emergency contraception is a backup, not a regular birth control method. If you find yourself using it often, talk with a provider about a long-term option like IUDs or implants. Questions? Reach out to your clinic or a telehealth service — quick answers matter.
Quick tips: keep emergency contraception on hand if you worry about access. Store pills in a cool, dry place and check expiration dates. If you’re on regular hormonal birth control and miss pills frequently, consider a method that fits your routine better—patch, ring, implant, or IUD. For survivors of assault, many centers offer free emergency contraception and STI care; ask for a rape kit and specialist support. Also, know that insurance often covers EC — call your insurer or clinic to ask about costs.
Keep your options in mind so you can act fast and with confidence. If unsure, call a clinic — available 24/7.
I-Pill: Facts, Usage, and Honest Answers About Emergency Contraception
Get the real facts on I-Pill: how it works, side effects, tips for safe use, and what most people get wrong about emergency contraception. No myths, just answers.
View more